Nkhani

Kukula kwaosakhazikika polyesterZogulitsa zimakhala ndi mbiri yazaka zopitilira 70. Munthawi yochepa yotere, zinthu zosagawika polyester zakhala zikukula mwachangu malinga ndi zotulutsa komanso zaukadaulo. Popeza malonda omwe sanatuluke polyester apanga mu imodzi mwa mitundu yayikulu kwambiri mu malonda a thermosting. Panthawi ya chitukuko cha polyester counin, chidziwitso chaukadaulo pa ma Patent, magazini a Bill, mabuku aluso, ndi zina. Pakadali pano, pali mazana ambiri opangidwa chaka chilichonse, omwe amakhudzana ndi polyester osavomerezeka. Zitha kuwona kuti kupanga ndi ukadaulo wa polyester omwe sanatuluke ayamba kukhwima pang'ono ndi kupanga, ndipo pang'onopang'ono apanga dongosolo lapadera komanso lopanga. Munthawi ya chitukuko cha chitukuko, ma anins osavomerezeka apanga zopereka zapadera pogwiritsa ntchito. M'tsogolomu, zikukula m'minda yapadera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wazolinga zazonse zidzachepetsedwa. Otsatirawa ndi ena osangalatsa komanso olonjeza kuti: kuphatikiza: Zowongolera zotsika kwambiri, zotumphukira, zitsulo zotsika, zowoneka bwino zowoneka bwino, zimakulitsa mtengo wotsika Ndi katundu wapadera, ndipo zala zamilandu zoyendetsedwa kwambiri zimapangidwa ndi zida zatsopano ndi njira.

Izi zimangokhala mutu wakale. Maunitsi osavomerezeka a polyester amaphatikizidwa ndi shringnage yambiri pakuchiritsa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa shring shring ndi 6-10%. Izi zimatha kusokoneza kwambiri kapena kusokoneza zinthuzo, osati mu kapangidwe kake kosokoneza (SMC, BMC). Kuti muthane ndi zovomerezeka izi, ma resin a thermoplastic nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera zochepa. Patent m'derali adaperekedwa ku Duprose mu 1934, patent nambala US 1.945,307. Patent imafotokoza za Copyolymerization wa Dibosic antellopalic acids ndi mankhwala a vinyl. Mwachionekere, panthawiyo, panthawiyo, upainiyawu usipainiya wotsika ukadaulo wocheperako wa polyester. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, anthu ambiri adzipereka kuphunzira za Coptolymer njira za Coptolymer, zomwe zimawerengedwa kuti ndi zowongolera pulasitiki. Mu 1966 Marco otsika marongo ocheperako adagwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba pakuumba komanso kupanga mafakitale.

Makampani opanga ma plastics pambuyo pake amatcha izi "SMC", yomwe imatanthawuza kuti pepala limaphulika, ndi malo ake otsika-bmc "amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa mafuta owumba. Kwa mapepala a SMC, nthawi zambiri ziwalo zokhala ndi zopangidwa ndi zotheka zimakhala ndi kulolerana bwino, kusinthasintha kwa kalasi, komanso ming'alu ya micro-tayi kuyenera kupewedwa, zomwe zimafuna kuti utoto wokhwima ukhale ndi mtengo wocheperako. Zachidziwikire, ma Patent ambiri asintha ndikusintha ukadaulo uwu, ndipo kumvetsetsa kwa makina otsika pang'onopang'ono kwakhwima, ndipo malo osiyanasiyana otsika-ochepa-otsika atuluka pomwe nthawi amafuna. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zochepa zowonjezera ndi polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate ndi zina.

drgff (1) 2.Cladant relerdant stun

Nthawi zina moto wobwezererera ndikofunikira monga kupulumutsidwa mankhwala, ndipo zida zamoto zimatha kupewa kapena kuchepetsa ngozi zatsoka. Ku Europe, kufa kwa moto kunachepa ndi 20% m'zaka khumi chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito moto wobwezeretsa. Chitetezo cha zida zobwezererera ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndi njira yocheperako komanso yovuta kuti musinthe mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale. Pakadali pano, European Community ili ndi kuchititsa kuti anthu ambiri azithamangitsa pamoto wambiri komanso wa hailogen-phosphorous-phosphorous. , ambiri omwe adzamalizidwe pakati pa 2004 ndi 2006. Pakadali pano, dziko lathu nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito ma diol kapena a acid okhala ndi ma dibasic acid zolowetsa ngati zida zojambulidwa kuti zikonzereretu zojambula. DOSOGEN FORD Obwebweya imatulutsa utsi wambiri poyaka, ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi m'badwo wa hydrogen halide. Kusuta kwapansi komanso stog yapoizoni yopangidwa pakuyankhira kumayambitsa mavuto ambiri.

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Zoposa 80% za ngozi zamoto zimachitika chifukwa cha izi. Choyipa china chogwiritsa ntchito bromine kapena phompho la hydrogen wotopa ndikuti mpweya wowononga udzapangidwe atawotchedwa, zomwe zingapangitse kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zamagetsi. Kugwiritsa ntchito nthochi ya itorganiates monga hydrate alumina, magnesium, ma carneone, molbdenum owonjezera owonjezera amatha kutulutsa utsi wotsika komanso wowoneka bwino. Komabe, ngati kuchuluka kwa nthochi ya itorgan Mphamvu zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi za utomoni mutachiritsa.

Pakadali pano, machesi ambiri akunja anena ukadaulo wogwiritsa ntchito phosphorous ntchentche ya phosphoros okhazikika kupanga zoopsa zotsika mtengo komanso utsi wotsika-flamentant remin. Mabwinja a phosphorous obwereza a phosphorous ali ndi rowmandant mosamala. A acid acid omwe atulutsidwa mukamakhala okhazikika mu polymer State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State State Star Star Star Star Star Star Star Star Star Star Star Star, ikupanga mpweya wabwino, ndikupanga filimu yodzitchinjiriza, ndikupanga filimu yoteteza kaboni. Potero kuteteza oyaka ndipo nthawi yomweyo moto wamagetsi wa phosphorous amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito molumikizana ndi vuya lamoto, zomwe zili ndi zotsatira zowoneka bwino. Zachidziwikire, njira yoyeserera yamtsogolo ya Flame Remin Remin ndi utsi wochepa, poizoni wotsika komanso mtengo wotsika. Ubwino wabwino ndi wopanda utsi, wotsika kwambiri, wotsika mtengo, sakhudza utomoni, ali ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, siziyenera kuwonjezera zowonjezera, ndipo zimatha kupangidwa mwachindunji mu chomera chonchi.

3.toung

Poyerekeza ndi mitundu yoyambirira yopanda miyala ya polsin, kukhazikika kwapamwamba kwakhala kukuthandizani kwambiri. Komabe, pokonzanso mafakitale otsika a polyester, zofuna zatsopano zimayikidwa patsogolo pazoyeserera zosagawika, makamaka malinga ndi kulimba mtima. Kudzikuza kwa ma remin osinthika atachirikiza kwakhala pafupifupi vuto loletsa kukula kwa ma ritin. Kaya ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi masinja kapena chopangidwa ndi bala kapena bala, kutalika kwa nthawi yopuma kumakhala chizindikiro chofunikira powunikira zinthu zotumphukira.

Pakadali pano, ena opanga ena akunja amagwiritsa ntchito njira yowonjezera utoto woyenera kusintha. Monga kuwonjezera polsterter polyester, styrene-butadiene rabara ndi ma carboxy-term-incyrene-bable rabara, etc., njira iyi ndi ya njira yopukutira. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyambitsa ma politymers chachikulu kwa polyester osavomerezeka, monga mateyi ophatikizidwa opangidwa ndi ma polsin a polsonstene ndi polporethane mphamvu zokhala ndi mphamvu. , njira yopukutira iyi ndi ya njira yosinthira mankhwala. Kuphatikiza kwa zovuta zopweteka ndi zamankhwala kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito, monga kusakaniza polyester yopanda kanthu kokhala ndi chidziwitso chochepa kuti mukwaniritse kusinthasintha.

Pakadali pano, ma sheet a SMC agwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani agalimoto chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo, mphamvu zambiri, kutunga kwamokha, komanso kusinthasintha. Pazigawo zofunika monga ma panels a magalimoto, zitseko zakumbuyo, ndi mapanelo akunja, kulimba mtima kwabwino, monga mapanelo agalimoto akunja. Alonda amatha kuwerama mpaka kucheperachepera ndikubwerera ku mawonekedwe awo oyambirirawo atakhudzidwa pang'ono. Kuchulukitsa kulimba kwa zotumphukira kumataya zinthu zina za utomoni, monga kuumitsidwa, kuthawa mphamvu, kupewetsa mwachangu pomanga. Kuwongolera kuuma kwa utoto popanda kutaya zinthu zina za utoto wakhala mutu wofunikira pakufufuza ndi chitukuko cha polyeter polteter amalitu.

4.Olow styrene okhazikika

Mukamakonzanso ma polsin a Polyester, okhazikika poizoni soxic amavulaza kwambiri thanzi la omanga. Nthawi yomweyo, ma styrene amatulutsidwa mumlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsanso kuipitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mpweya. Chifukwa chake, akuluakulu aboma amachepetsa chidwi chovomerezeka cha styrene mlengalenga. Mwachitsanzo, ku United States. Kudalira mpweya wabwino kwambiri kumakhalanso. Nthawi yomweyo, mpweya wabwino udzatsogoleranso kuwonongeka kwa ma styre kuchokera pansi pazinthuzo ndi kukhazikika kwa ma styreji yayikulu mumlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, kuti mupeze njira yochepetsera volatilization ya styrene ya styrene, kuchokera muzu, ndikofunikira kumaliza ntchitoyi muzomera. Izi zimafuna kukula kwa ma volatility otsika (aso) omwe samadetsa kapena kuchepa kwa mpweya, kapena osavomerezeka polyester popanda ma styrene monomers.

Kuchepetsa zomwe zili mosasunthika kwakhala mutu wopangidwa ndi makampani akunja osavomerezeka polyenter muzaka zaposachedwa. Pali njira zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: (1) Njira yowonjezera zoletsa zopingasa; . . Njira ina yochepetsera volatilization ya styrene ndikuyambitsa mayunitsi ena monga driceclopterdiene ndipo zotumphukira zina sizikuyenda bwino, kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe otsika, ndipo muchepetse zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a styrene monomer.

Pofunafuna njira yothetsera vuto la ma styrene volatilization, ndikofunikira kuti muganizire zomwe zili pamalo owumba, njira yofuulira, mtengo wa zida zopangira, ndi Kugwirizana ndi dongosolo la Resin. , Pitani ku Kateke, mafakisoni, makina a renmin ataumba, ndi zina m'dziko langa, palibe mabulamu odziwikiratu pamavuto a styrene. Komabe, posintha miyendo ya anthu ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe cha thanzi lawo ndi chilengedwe, sikuti ndi nkhani ya nthawi yomwe malamulo osavomerezeka amafunikira dziko lopanda anthu.

5.corosion-osagwirizana

Chimodzi mwazinthu zowonjezera za polyester zomwe sizinachitike polyesion ndizotsutsana ndi mankhwala monga organic sols, ma asidi, zitsulo, ndi mchere. Malinga ndi kuyambitsa kwa akatswiri osavomerezeka a Intaneti osavomerezeka, matiniwo omwe alipo kale omwe awonongeka m'magulu otsatirawa: (1) mtundu; (2) Mtundu wa ISO-Benzene; (3) Mtundu wa P-Benzene; (4) Bisphenol mtundu; (5) Mtundu wa vinyl; Ndipo ena monga mtundu, mtundu wa Halogen wokhala ndi mtundu wambiri, etc. Pambuyo pazaka zingapo zopenda mibadwo ingapo ya asayansi, chipongwe cha utomoni komanso chiwonetsero cha kuwonongeka kwa kuwonongeka. Resin amasinthidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kuyambitsa mafupa owoneka bwino omwe amalimbana ndi polsicter, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a polter, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri kuti athetse kutsutsana kwa chipongwe za utoto. Kutsutsana kwa kuphukira kumakhala kothandiza kwambiri, ndipo utoto wopangidwa ndi njira yosakanikira acid amathanso kukana bwino kutekanizo.

Poyerekeza ndiepoxy amayendera,Mtengo wotsika komanso kukonza kosavuta kwa ma reisent polyet akhala zabwino zambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri osagawika osagawika, kukana kwa polsister kwa polyester sikunachitike, makamaka kukana kwa alkali, ndi wotsika kwambiri ku epoxy slide. Sangathe kusintha epoxy utoto. Pakadali pano, kufika kwa otsutsa-corluon Beor adapanga mipata ndi zovuta kwa polyester osatulutsidwa. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwa anti-corossion amalima miyala kumakhala ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu.

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6.Glve Coat Stune

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Cob Coat imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira m'magulu ophatikizika. Sizingochita mbali yokongoletsera pazinthu za FRP, komanso zimakonda kuthana ndi vuto, kukana kwaukalamba ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Malinga ndi akatswiri kuchokera ku intaneti yosavomerezeka, chitsogozo cha chitukuko cha gel osakaniza ndikupanga gel osakaniza ndi ma styreulization otsika, owuma mpweya wabwino ndi kukana kwamphamvu. Pali msika waukulu wa zovala zolimba kutentha mu gel Coat. Ngati ma arp amizidwa m'madzi otentha kwa nthawi yayitali, matuza awonekera padziko lapansi. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cholowera pang'onopang'ono m'madzi muzinthu zophatikizikazo, matuza amakulira pang'onopang'ono. Matumba sangangokhudze mawonekedwe a chovala cha gel a gel osachepetsa pang'onopang'ono mphamvu ya malonda.

Kuphika ma corposites ndi ma polima CO. wa Kansas, USA, amagwiritsa ntchito epoxy ndi glycyl ndi glyciyl njira zopatsirana ndi mafayilo otsika komanso osungunuka. Kuphatikiza apo, kampaniyo imagwiritsanso ntchito polsoxy Polylol Polyloted And ndi Stute) ndi DCPLOPNEEEne (DCPD) - Rigid Stun B (Rigid Stunen B) Khalani ndi madzi abwino kukana, komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu yabwino komanso nyonga. Ma sol sol kapena zinthu zina zochepetsetsa zimalowa munthawi ya FRP kudzera pazinthu za gel.

Makhalidwe okopa a polyester osavomerezeka ndi moyo wautali komanso kuthamanga kwachangu. Kusakhazikika kwa polyester kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zongochepetsa kusungulumwa kwa mbewa. Chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kwa zithunzi ndi zida zowunikira, maziko a chitukuko cha mafano akaikidwa. Ma UV-Wopanda Underter osavomerezeka apangidwa bwino ndikupanga kupanga zochuluka. Katunduyo, njira zogwirira ntchito ndi mantha zimabisidwa zimayenda bwino, ndipo zopanga zopanga zimayendetsedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi.

8.lo-mtengo usiyire ndi katundu wapadera

ULEMERIKI WAMULEMIKANSO PAMODZI PAKUTI NDIPONSO ZOFUNIKIRA. Pakadali pano, kuchepa kwa mphamvu yamatanda kuli ndi zomwe zili m'mwamba. Palinso kuchepa kwa aluso omwe akugwira ntchito yopanga nkhuni, ndipo antchito awa akulipira. Zinthu zoterezi zimapangitsa zochitika za mapulaneti azikhalidwe kuti zilowe mumsika wamatabwa. Zosasinthika osavomerezeka ndi malo okhala ndi madzi zidzakonzedwa ngati nkhuni zopangira m'mipando ya mipando chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika komanso mphamvu yayikulu. Pulogalamuyi imachedwa pachiyambipo, kenako ndikusintha mosalekeza kwaukadaulo wamatekitala, kugwiritsa ntchito ichi kudzakulitsidwa mwachangu.

Zosasinthika polyester zitha kukhala zopukutira kuti zikhale zopunthira zotsalira zomwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mapanelo a khoma, opanga malo opanga zisanachitike, ndi zina zambiri. Kuthekera ndi mphamvu ya pulasitiki yoluma ndi polyester polsin monga matrix ndiwabwino kuposa wopotedwa PS; Ndikosavuta kutengera zotsalazo pvc; Mtengo wake ndi wotsika kuposa wolutira pulasitiki, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa lalatto wotopa kungapangitse kuti kuyaka ndi ukalamba. Ngakhale ukadaulo wogwiritsira ntchito utoto wapangidwa bwino, kugwiritsa ntchito kwalata kwa polyester sikunatengere chidwi kwambiri. Pambuyo pofufuza, opanga mahatchi ena ali ndi chidwi chachikulu pakupanga mtundu watsopanowu. Nkhani zina zazikulu (kupatuka, kapangidwe kake ka uchi, ubale wa gel-gel osagwirizana sikunatheretu, izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika mu mipando. Kamodzi Mavuto amenewa amathetsedwa, utuwu udzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri madera ngati chithovu chamoto m'malo mongogwiritsa ntchito chuma chake.

Madzi okhala ndi madzi osavomerezeka a polyester sangagawidwe m'mitundu iwiri: mtundu wosungunuka madzi ndi emulsion. Poyambirira zaka za 1960s kumayiko ena, pakhala pali matelo ndi mabuku ofotokoza m'derali. Zowoneka bwino zamadzi ndikuwonjezera madzi ngati finyebe yosakhazikika kwa polyester isanachitike musanalowerere kugwetsa gel, ndipo zomwe madzi amatha kukhala okwera 50%. Tsitsi zoterezi limatchedwa USP. Tsitsi lili ndi mawonekedwe a mtengo wotsika mtengo, kulemera kopepuka mutachiritsa, moto wabwino kutaya mtima komanso wopanda pake. Kukula ndi kafukufuku wa malo okhala ndi madzi m'dziko langa kunayamba m'ma 1980s, ndipo kwakhala nthawi yayitali. Pankhani ya ntchito, yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wothandizira. Makina osavomerezeka a polyester ndi mtundu watsopano wa UPR. Ukadaulo mu labotale akuyamba kukhwima kwambiri, koma pamakhala kafukufuku wocheperako pa pulogalamuyi. Mavuto omwe amafunikira kusinthidwa ndi kukhazikika kwa emulsion, mavuto ena ochiritsira njira yochiritsira komanso youmba, komanso vuto la kuvomereza kwa makasitomala. Nthawi zambiri, matani 10,000 omwe sanatuluke polyester amatha kutulutsa matani pafupifupi 600 pa nthawi iliyonse chaka chilichonse. Ngati shrinkage yopangidwa pakupanga polyester popanga ma polsin imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa utoto wamadzi, uchepetse mtengo wa utomoni ndikuthetsa vuto la kuteteza chilengedwe.

Timachita muzogulitsa zotsatirazi: Zosasinthika polyester;vinyl; Chinsanga cha gel; epoxy unin.

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