nkhani

Mu kupanga kwathu, mosalekezaulusi wagalasiNjira zopangira ndi mitundu iwiri makamaka ya njira yojambulira yopangidwa ndi matabwa ndi njira yojambulira ng'anjo ya dziwe. Pakadali pano, njira zambiri zojambulira waya wa dziwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za njira ziwirizi zojambulira.

1. Njira Yojambulira Patali Yophimbidwa ndi Crucible

Njira yojambulira yopangira zinthu zophimbidwa ndi mtundu wa njira yachiwiri yopangira zinthu, yomwe makamaka imafunika kutentha zinthu zopangira galasi mpaka zitasungunuka, kenako n’kupanga madzi osungunuka kukhala chinthu chozungulira. Mipira yomwe imachokera imasungunukanso n’kukokedwa mu ulusi. Komabe, njira imeneyi ilinso ndi zofooka zake zomwe sizinganyalanyazidwe, monga kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu, zinthu zosakhazikika, komanso zokolola zochepa. Chifukwa chake sikuti mphamvu yeniyeni ya njira yojambulira waya wophimbidwa ndi yaying'ono, njirayo si yosavuta kukhala yokhazikika, komanso ili ndi ubale wabwino ndi ukadaulo wowongolera kumbuyo kwa njira yopangira zinthu. Chifukwa chake, pakadali pano, chinthucho chimayang'aniridwa ndi njira yojambulira waya wophimbidwa, ukadaulo wowongolera umakhudza kwambiri mtundu wa chinthucho.

Tchati cha kayendedwe ka njira ya fiber yagalasi

Kawirikawiri, zinthu zowongolera zomwe zili mu chotenthetseracho zimagawidwa m'magawo atatu: kulamulira kwa magetsi, kulamulira mbale zotayira madzi ndi kulamulira kuwonjezera mpira. Mu kulamulira kwa magetsi, anthu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi zokhazikika, koma ena amagwiritsa ntchito kulamulira kwa magetsi okhazikika, zomwe zonse ndi zovomerezeka. Mu kulamulira kwa mbale zotayira madzi, anthu nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kulamulira kutentha kokhazikika pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku komanso kupanga, koma ena amagwiritsanso ntchito kulamulira kutentha kokhazikika. Pa kulamulira mpira, anthu amakonda kulamulira mpira mosinthasintha. Pakupanga kwa anthu tsiku ndi tsiku, njira zitatuzi ndizokwanira, komaulusi wopota wagalasi Ndi zofunikira zapadera, njira zowongolera izi zili ndi zofooka zina, monga kulondola kwa kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu ya mbale yotayikira ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi siimveka mosavuta, kutentha kwa bushing kumasinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ulusi wopangidwa kumasinthasintha kwambiri. Kapena zida zina zogwiritsira ntchito m'munda sizigwirizana bwino ndi njira yopangira, ndipo palibe njira yowongolera yolunjika kutengera mawonekedwe a njira yophikira. Kapena imatha kulephera ndipo kukhazikika sikuli bwino kwambiri. Zitsanzo zomwe zili pamwambapa zikuwonetsa kufunikira kowongolera molondola, kufufuza mosamala, ndi kuyesetsa kukonza mtundu wa zinthu zagalasi mu kupanga ndi moyo.

1.1. Maulalo akuluakulu a ukadaulo wowongolera

1.1.1. Kulamulira kwa electrofusion

Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa madzi omwe akuyenda mu mbale yotulutsira madzi kumakhala kofanana komanso kokhazikika, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kapangidwe koyenera komanso koyenera ka chotenthetseracho, kapangidwe ka ma electrode, komanso malo ndi njira yowonjezerera mpirawo. Chifukwa chake, pakulamulira kwa electrofusion, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti dongosolo lowongolera likuyenda bwino. Dongosolo lowongolera la electrofusion limagwiritsa ntchito wowongolera wanzeru, wotumiza magetsi ndi wowongolera magetsi, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili, chida chokhala ndi manambala 4 ogwira ntchito chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa mtengo, ndipo magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito chotumizira magetsi ndi mtengo wodziyimira pawokha. Pakupanga kwenikweni, malinga ndi zotsatira zake, pogwiritsa ntchito dongosololi powongolera magetsi nthawi zonse, potengera momwe zinthu zilili komanso momwe zinthu zilili, kutentha kwa madzi omwe akuyenda mu thanki yamadzi kumatha kuyendetsedwa mkati mwa ± 2 digiri Celsius, kotero kafukufukuyu adapeza kuti amatha kuyendetsedwa. Ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino ndipo ali pafupi ndi njira yokokera waya mu uvuni wa dziwe.

1.1.2. Kulamulira mbale zobisika

Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mbale yotulutsira madzi ikuyendetsedwa bwino, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutentha kokhazikika komanso kupanikizika kosalekeza komanso kokhazikika. Pofuna kuti mphamvu yotulutsa ifike pamtengo wofunikira, chowongolera chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chomwe chimalowa m'malo mwa njira yachikhalidwe yosinthika ya thyristor trigger loop; kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutentha kolondola kwa mbale yotulutsira madzi kuli kokwera komanso kutalika kwa kugwedezeka kwa nthawi ndi kochepa, chowongolera kutentha cha 5-bit chokhala ndi kulondola kwakukulu chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito chosinthira kutentha cha RMS chodziyimira payokha chimaonetsetsa kuti chizindikiro chamagetsi sichikusokonekera ngakhale panthawi yowongolera kutentha kosalekeza, ndipo dongosololi lili ndi mkhalidwe wokhazikika kwambiri.

1.1.3 Kulamulira mpira

Mu kupanga kwamakono, kuwongolera kowonjezera mipira nthawi ndi nthawi kwa njira yojambulira waya wophimbidwa ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimakhudza kutentha kwa kupanga kwabwinobwino. Kuwongolera kowonjezera mipira nthawi ndi nthawi kudzaswa kutentha kwa dongosolo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa dongosolo kusweke mobwerezabwereza ndikusinthidwa mobwerezabwereza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwa dongosolo kukhale kwakukulu komanso kulondola kwa kutentha kukhala kovuta kuwongolera. Ponena za momwe mungathetsere ndikukonza vuto la kuyitanitsa nthawi ndi nthawi, kukhala kuyitanitsa kosalekeza ndi chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri kuti muwongolere ndikukweza kukhazikika kwa dongosolo. Chifukwa ngati njira yowongolera madzi mu uvuni ndi yokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo singatchulidwe popanga tsiku ndi tsiku komanso moyo, anthu ayesetsa kwambiri kupanga zatsopano ndikuyika njira yatsopano. Njira ya mpira imasinthidwa kukhala yowonjezera mpira yosafanana. , mutha kuthana ndi zofooka za dongosolo loyambirira. Pakujambula waya, kuti muchepetse kusinthasintha kwa kutentha mu uvuni, momwe probe ndi pamwamba pamadzimadzi zimagwirizanirana zimasinthidwa kuti zisinthe liwiro lowonjezera mpira. Kudzera mu chitetezo cha alamu cha mita yotulutsa, njira yowonjezera mpira imatsimikizika kuti ndi yotetezeka komanso yodalirika. Kusintha kolondola komanso koyenera kwa liwiro lapamwamba komanso lotsika kumatha kuonetsetsa kuti kusinthasintha kwa madzi kumakhala kochepa. Kudzera mu kusinthaku, kumatsimikiziridwa kuti dongosololi likhoza kupangitsa kuchuluka kwa ulusi wochuluka kusinthasintha mkati mwa mtunda wochepa pansi pa njira yowongolera ya voltage yokhazikika ndi current yokhazikika.

2. Njira yojambulira waya wa dziwe losambira

Zipangizo zazikulu zopangira waya wa dziwe losambira ndi pyrophyllite. Mu uvuni, pyrophyllite ndi zosakaniza zina zimatenthedwa mpaka zitasungunuka. Pyrophyllite ndi zipangizo zina zimatenthedwa ndikusungunuka kukhala yankho lagalasi mu uvuni, kenako n’kukokedwa kukhala silika. Ulusi wagalasi wopangidwa ndi njirayi kale umapanga zoposa 90% ya zotuluka zonse padziko lonse lapansi.

2.1 Njira yojambulira waya wa dziwe losambira

Njira yojambulira waya mu uvuni wa dziwe ndi yakuti zinthu zopangira zambiri zimalowa mufakitale, kenako zimakhala zinthu zopangira zoyenera kudzera mu njira zingapo monga kuphwanya, kupukutira, ndi kuyeretsa, kenako zimasamutsidwa kupita ku silo yayikulu, kuyesedwa mu silo yayikulu, ndikusakaniza zosakanizazo mofanana, pambuyo poti zanyamulidwa kupita ku silo yayikulu ya uvuni, kenako zinthuzo zimalowetsedwa mu uvuni wosungunula wa unit ndi screw feeder kuti zisungunuke ndikupanga galasi losungunuka. Galasi losungunuka litasungunuka ndikutuluka mu uvuni wosungunula wa unit, nthawi yomweyo limalowa munjira yayikulu (yomwe imatchedwanso clearance and homogenization kapena adjustment passage) kuti limveketse bwino komanso homogenization, kenako limadutsa munjira yosinthira (yomwe imatchedwanso distribution passage) ndi njira yogwirira ntchito (yomwe imadziwikanso kuti forming channel), imalowa mu groove, ndikutuluka kudzera m'mizere ingapo ya ma bushings a platinum kuti ikhale ulusi. Pomaliza, imaziziritsidwa ndi choziziritsira, yokutidwa ndi monofilament oiler, kenako imakokedwa ndi makina ojambula waya ozungulira kuti apangekuyendayenda kwa fiberglassbobini.

3. Tchati cha kayendedwe ka njira

4. Zipangizo zogwirira ntchito

4.1 Kukonzekera ufa koyenera

Zipangizo zolemera zomwe zimalowa mufakitale ziyenera kuphwanyidwa, kuphwanyidwa ndikutsukidwa kukhala ufa woyenerera. Zipangizo zazikulu: chotsukira, chophimba chogwedezeka cha makina.

4.2 Kukonzekera kwa magulu

Mzere wopanga ma batching uli ndi magawo atatu: makina operekera ndi kudyetsa pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya, makina oyezera zamagetsi ndi makina operekera ndi kusakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya. Zipangizo zazikulu: Makina operekera ndi kusakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya ndi makina operekera ndi kusakaniza zinthu.

4.3 Kusungunuka kwa galasi

Njira yotchedwa kusungunuka kwa galasi ndi njira yosankha zosakaniza zoyenera kupanga madzi agalasi potenthetsa kutentha kwambiri, koma madzi agalasi omwe atchulidwa pano ayenera kukhala ofanana komanso okhazikika. Pakupanga, kusungunuka kwa galasi ndikofunikira kwambiri, ndipo kumakhala ndi ubale wapafupi kwambiri ndi kutulutsa, mtundu, mtengo, phindu, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta, ndi moyo wa uvuni wa chinthu chomalizidwa. Zipangizo zazikulu: zida za uvuni ndi uvuni, makina otenthetsera amagetsi, makina oyaka, fan yoziziritsira uvuni, sensor yokakamiza, ndi zina zotero.

4.4 Kupanga ulusi

Kuumba ulusi ndi njira yomwe madzi agalasi amapangidwa kukhala ulusi wagalasi. Madzi agalasi amalowa mu mbale yotulutsira madzi yokhala ndi mabowo ndikutuluka. Zipangizo zazikulu: chipinda chopangira ulusi, makina ojambula ulusi wagalasi, uvuni wowumitsa, bushing, chipangizo chotumizira chokha cha chubu cha ulusi wosaphika, chopukutira, makina opakira, ndi zina zotero.

4.5 Kukonzekera kwa woyezera kukula

Chopangira kukula chimakonzedwa ndi epoxy emulsion, polyurethane emulsion, mafuta odzola, choletsa kusinthasintha kwa mpweya ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira monga zopangira ndi kuwonjezera madzi. Njira yokonzekera imafunika kutenthedwa ndi nthunzi yotsekedwa, ndipo madzi oyeretsedwa amavomerezedwa ngati madzi okonzekera. Chopangira kukula chokonzekera chimalowa mu thanki yoyendera kudzera mu njira yosanjikiza ndi yosanjikiza. Ntchito yayikulu ya thanki yoyendera ndi kuzungulira, zomwe zingapangitse chopangira kukula kubwezeretsanso ndikugwiritsanso ntchito, kusunga zipangizo ndikuteteza chilengedwe. Zipangizo zazikulu: Makina onyowetsa othandizira.

5. Ulusi wagalasichitetezo

Fumbi lopanda mpweya: makamaka mpweya wokwanira wa makina opangira, kuphatikizapo mpweya wokwanira komanso mpweya wochepa.

Kuchotsa fumbi ndi mpweya wokwanira: Choyamba, malo otseguka ayenera kusankhidwa, kenako chipangizo chochotsera utsi ndi fumbi chiyenera kuyikidwa pamalopo kuti chitulutse fumbi.

Kunyowa: Njira yonyowa ndiyo kukakamiza fumbi kuti likhale pamalo onyowa, tikhoza kunyowa zinthuzo pasadakhale, kapena kuwaza madzi pamalo ogwirira ntchito. Njira zonsezi ndi zothandiza kuchepetsa fumbi.

Chitetezo chaumwini: Kuchotsa fumbi pa malo akunja n'kofunika kwambiri, koma chitetezo chanu sichinganyalanyazidwe. Mukamagwira ntchito, valani zovala zodzitetezera ndi zophimba fumbi ngati pakufunika. Fumbi likangolowa pakhungu, tsukani nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi. Ngati fumbi lalowa m'maso, chithandizo chadzidzidzi chiyenera kuchitika, kenako pitani kuchipatala nthawi yomweyo kuti mukalandire chithandizo chamankhwala. , ndipo samalani kuti musapume fumbilo.

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