nkhani

Mwachidule, kumvetsetsa kwathu ulusi wagalasi nthawi zonse kwakhala kuti ndi chinthu chosapangidwa ndi chitsulo, koma ndi kuzama kwa kafukufuku, tikudziwa kuti pali mitundu yambiri ya ulusi wagalasi, ndipo umagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo pali zabwino zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu zake zamakanika ndizokwera kwambiri, ndipo kukana kutentha ndi dzimbiri kwake nazonso ndizabwino kwambiri. N'zoona kuti palibe chinthu changwiro, ndipo ulusi wagalasi ulinso ndi zofooka zake zomwe sizinganyalanyazidwe, ndiko kuti, sutha kusweka ndipo sutha kusweka. Chifukwa chake, pogwiritsira ntchito, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zathu ndikupewa zofooka zathu.

Zipangizo zopangira ulusi wagalasi ndizosavuta kupeza, makamaka magalasi akale kapena zinthu zagalasi zomwe zatayidwa. Ulusi wagalasi ndi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo ma monofilaments opitilira 20 agalasi pamodzi ndi ofanana ndi makulidwe a tsitsi. Ulusi wagalasi nthawi zambiri ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu cholimbitsa zinthu zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa cha kuzama kwa kafukufuku wa ulusi wagalasi m'zaka zaposachedwa, umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi moyo wathu. Nkhani zingapo zotsatira zikufotokoza makamaka njira yopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wagalasi. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za makhalidwe, zigawo zazikulu, makhalidwe akuluakulu, ndi magulu a ulusi wagalasi. Nkhani zingapo zotsatira zikambirana njira yopangira, chitetezo, Kugwiritsa Ntchito, Chitetezo, momwe makampani alili komanso mwayi wokukula.

Ichiyambi

1.1 Kapangidwe ka ulusi wagalasi

Chinthu china chabwino kwambiri cha ulusi wagalasi ndi mphamvu yake yolimba kwambiri, yomwe imatha kufika 6.9g/d mu mkhalidwe wokhazikika ndi 5.8g/d mu mkhalidwe wonyowa. Makhalidwe abwino oterewa amachititsa ulusi wagalasi nthawi zambiri. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse lapansi ngati zinthu zolimbitsa. Ili ndi kuchuluka kwa A kwa 2.54. Ulusi wagalasi umalimbananso ndi kutentha kwambiri, ndipo umasunga mawonekedwe ake abwinobwino pa 300°C. Fiberglass nthawi zina imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ngati chotetezera kutentha ndi zinthu zotetezera, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamagetsi zotetezera kutentha komanso kulephera kwake kuwononga mosavuta.

1.2 Zosakaniza zazikulu

Kapangidwe ka ulusi wagalasi ndi kovuta kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, zigawo zazikulu zomwe aliyense amazidziwa ndi silica, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, boron oxide, aluminium oxide, calcium oxide ndi zina zotero. M'mimba mwake mwa monofilament ya ulusi wagalasi ndi pafupifupi ma microns 10, zomwe ndi zofanana ndi 1/10 ya m'mimba mwake mwa tsitsi. Mtolo uliwonse wa ulusi umapangidwa ndi ma monofilament ambirimbiri. Njira yojambulira imasiyana pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa silica mu ulusi wagalasi kumakhala pakati pa 50% ndi 65%. Mphamvu yokoka ya ulusi wagalasi yokhala ndi aluminiyamu oxide yoposa 20% imakhala yokwera, nthawi zambiri ulusi wagalasi wamphamvu kwambiri, pomwe kuchuluka kwa aluminiyamu oxide mu ulusi wagalasi wopanda alkali nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 15%. Ngati mukufuna kuti ulusi wagalasi ukhale ndi modulus yayikulu yosalala, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa magnesium oxide kuli koposa 10%. Chifukwa cha ulusi wagalasi wokhala ndi ferric oxide yochepa, kukana kwake dzimbiri kwawonjezeka mpaka madigiri osiyanasiyana.

1.3 Zinthu Zazikulu

1.3.1 Zipangizo zopangira ndi ntchito zake

Poyerekeza ndi ulusi wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, mphamvu ya ulusi wagalasi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. N'zovuta kuyatsa, sizimatentha, sizimateteza kutentha, sizimauma, komanso sizimakoka. Koma ndi yofooka ndipo imakhala yolimba kwambiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki olimba kapena imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa rabala, chifukwa ulusi wagalasi wolimbitsa uli ndi makhalidwe awa:

(1) Mphamvu yake yokoka ndi yabwino kuposa zipangizo zina, koma kutalika kwake ndi kochepa kwambiri.

(2) Chiŵerengero chotanuka ndicho choyenera kwambiri.

(3) Mu malire a elasticity, ulusi wagalasi ukhoza kufalikira kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo ndi wokoka kwambiri, kotero ukhoza kuyamwa mphamvu zambiri ukakhudzidwa.

(4) Popeza ulusi wagalasi ndi ulusi wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, ulusi wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe uli ndi ubwino wambiri, suvuta kuutentha ndipo mankhwala ake ndi okhazikika.

(5) Sikophweka kuyamwa madzi.

(6) Yolimba komanso yolimba, komanso yosasinthasintha.

(7) Kutha kukonzedwa kwake ndi kwabwino kwambiri, ndipo kumatha kukonzedwa kukhala zinthu zabwino kwambiri m'mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana monga ulusi, ma felt, mitolo, ndi nsalu zolukidwa.

(8) Imatha kutumiza kuwala.

(9) Popeza zipangizozo n'zosavuta kuzipeza, mtengo wake si wokwera mtengo.

(10) Pa kutentha kwakukulu, m'malo moyaka, imasungunuka kukhala mikanda yamadzimadzi.

1.4 Kugawa

Malinga ndi miyezo yosiyanasiyana, ulusi wagalasi ukhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ndi kutalika kosiyana, ukhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: ulusi wopitilira, thonje la ulusi ndi ulusi wokhazikika. Malinga ndi zigawo zosiyanasiyana, monga kuchuluka kwa alkali, ukhoza kugawidwa m'mitundu itatu: ulusi wagalasi wopanda alkali, ulusi wagalasi wapakati, ndi ulusi wagalasi wokhala ndi alkali yambiri.

1.5 Kupanga zinthu zopangira

Mu mafakitale enieni, kuti tipange ulusi wagalasi, timafunikira alumina, mchenga wa quartz, miyala yamwala, pyrophyllite, dolomite, soda ash, mirabilite, boric acid, fluorite, ulusi wagalasi wophwanyidwa, ndi zina zotero.

1.6 Njira yopangira

Njira zopangira mafakitale zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: choyamba ndi kusungunula ulusi wagalasi, kenako kupanga zinthu zagalasi zozungulira kapena zooneka ngati ndodo zokhala ndi mainchesi ang'onoang'ono. Kenako, zimatenthedwa ndikusungunukanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana kuti zipange ulusi wosalala wokhala ndi mainchesi a 3-80 μm. Mtundu wina umasungunulanso galasi poyamba, koma umapanga ulusi wagalasi m'malo mwa ndodo kapena mabwalo. Kenako chitsanzocho chimakokedwa kudzera mu mbale ya platinamu pogwiritsa ntchito njira yojambulira yamakina. Zinthu zomwe zimatuluka zimatchedwa ulusi wopitilira. Ngati ulusi umakokedwa kudzera mu dongosolo la roller, zinthu zomwe zimatuluka zimatchedwa ulusi wosasinthika, womwe umadziwikanso kuti ulusi wagalasi wodulidwa mpaka kutalika, ndi ulusi wokhazikika.

1.7 Kulemba Magiredi

Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, kagwiritsidwe ntchito, ndi makhalidwe ake, amagawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana. Ulusi wagalasi womwe wagulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi ndi uwu:

1.7.1 Galasi lamagetsi

Ndi galasi la borate, lomwe limatchedwanso galasi lopanda alkali m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Chifukwa cha ubwino wake wambiri, ndilo lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakadali pano ndi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ngakhale limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma lilinso ndi zofooka zosapeweka. Limakumana mosavuta ndi mchere wosapangidwa, kotero zimakhala zovuta kusunga pamalo omwe ali ndi asidi.

1.7.2 C-galasi

Mu kupanga kwenikweni, imatchedwanso galasi lapakati la alkali, lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zokhazikika za mankhwala komanso kukana asidi bwino. Choyipa chake ndichakuti mphamvu ya makina si yayikulu ndipo magwiridwe antchito amagetsi ndi otsika. Malo osiyanasiyana ali ndi miyezo yosiyana. Mumakampani opanga ulusi wagalasi wakunyumba, palibe chinthu cha boron mugalasi lapakati la alkali. Koma mumakampani opanga ulusi wagalasi wakunja, zomwe amapanga ndi galasi lapakati la alkali lomwe lili ndi boron. Sikuti kuchuluka kwake kokha ndikosiyana, komanso gawo lomwe galasi lapakati la alkali limachita kunyumba ndi kunja ndi losiyana. Mati a pamwamba pa ulusi wagalasi ndi ndodo za ulusi wagalasi zomwe zimapangidwa kunja zimapangidwa ndi galasi lapakati la alkali. Pakupanga, galasi lapakati la alkali limagwiranso ntchito mu phula. M'dziko langa, chifukwa chenicheni ndichakuti limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika kwambiri, ndipo limagwira ntchito kulikonse mumakampani opanga nsalu zokulungira ndi zosefera.

Ndodo yagalasi

1.7.3 Galasi la ulusi wa galasi A

Popanga, anthu amatchanso galasi la alkali wambiri, lomwe ndi la galasi la sodium silicate, koma chifukwa cha kukana kwake madzi, nthawi zambiri silipangidwa ngati ulusi wagalasi.

1.7.4 Galasi la Fiberglass D

Amatchedwanso galasi la dielectric ndipo nthawi zambiri ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi wagalasi la dielectric.

1.7.5 Galasi lamphamvu kwambiri la ulusi wagalasi

Mphamvu yake ndi yokwera ndi 1/4 kuposa ya ulusi wa E-glass, ndipo modulus yake yotanuka ndi yokwera kuposa ya ulusi wa E-glass. Chifukwa cha ubwino wake wosiyanasiyana, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera, pakadali pano imagwiritsidwanso ntchito m'magawo ena ofunikira, monga makampani ankhondo, ndege ndi zina zotero.

1.7.5 Galasi la AR la fiberglass

Imatchedwanso ulusi wagalasi wosagonjetsedwa ndi alkali, womwe ndi ulusi wopanda zinthu zachilengedwe ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zolimbitsa mu konkire yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi. Pazifukwa zina, imatha kulowa m'malo mwa chitsulo ndi asbestos.

1.7.6 Galasi la E-CR la ulusi wagalasi

Ndi galasi lopanda boron komanso lopanda alkali. Chifukwa chakuti limakana madzi pafupifupi nthawi 10 kuposa la ulusi wagalasi wopanda alkali, limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zosalowa madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, kukana kwake kwa asidi kulinso kwamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo limakhala ndi malo ofunikira popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi apansi panthaka. Kuphatikiza pa ulusi wagalasi wodziwika bwino womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa, asayansi tsopano apanga mtundu watsopano wa ulusi wagalasi. Chifukwa ndi chinthu chopanda boron, chimakwaniritsa kufunitsitsa kwa anthu kuteteza chilengedwe. M'zaka zaposachedwa, pali mtundu wina wa ulusi wagalasi womwe ndi wotchuka kwambiri, womwe ndi ulusi wagalasi wokhala ndi magalasi awiri. Muzinthu zamakono za ubweya wagalasi, titha kuwona kuti ulipo.

1.8 Kuzindikira ulusi wagalasi

Njira yosiyanitsira ulusi wagalasi ndi yosavuta kwambiri, ndiko kuti, ikani ulusi wagalasi m'madzi, tenthetsani mpaka madzi atenthe, ndikusunga kwa maola 6-7. Ngati mupeza kuti malangizo a ulusi wagalasi omwe ali pakati pa ulusiwo sakukhala opapatiza, ndi ulusi wagalasi wokhala ndi alkali wambiri. . Malinga ndi miyezo yosiyanasiyana, pali njira zambiri zogawa ulusi wagalasi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa kuchokera ku malingaliro a kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake, kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito.

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