Mu dziko lalikulu la ma polima opangidwa, mawu oti "polyester" amapezeka paliponse. Komabe, si chinthu chimodzi koma banja la ma polima okhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Kwa mainjiniya, opanga, opanga mapulani, ndi okonda DIY, kumvetsetsa kusiyana kwakukulu pakati papoliyesitala wokhutandipoliyesitala wosakhutandikofunikira kwambiri. Izi si sayansi yokha; kusiyana pakati pa botolo lamadzi lolimba, thupi la galimoto yokongola, nsalu yowala, ndi chombo cholimba cha bwato.

Buku lofotokozera bwino ili lidzafotokoza mitundu iwiri ya ma polima. Tidzafufuza kapangidwe ka mankhwala awo, kufufuza makhalidwe awo, ndikuwunikira momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri. Pomaliza, mudzatha kusiyanitsa pakati pawo molimba mtima ndikumvetsetsa kuti ndi chinthu chiti chomwe chili choyenera zosowa zanu.

Mwachidule: Kusiyana Kwakukulu

Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu msana wawo wa maselo ndi momwe amachiritsidwira (kuuma kukhala mawonekedwe olimba omaliza).

·Polyester yosakhuta (UPE): Ili ndi ma bond awiri osinthika (C=C) kumbuyo kwake. Nthawi zambiri imakhala utomoni wamadzimadzi womwe umafuna monomer yosinthika (monga styrene) ndi chothandizira kuti chikhale pulasitiki yolimba, yolumikizidwa, komanso yotenthetsera kutentha.Pulasitiki Yolimbikitsidwa ndi Fiberglass (FRP).

·Polyester wokhuta: Ilibe ma bond awiriwa; unyolo wake umakhala "wodzaza" ndi maatomu a haidrojeni. Nthawi zambiri imakhala thermoplastic yolimba yomwe imafewa ikatenthedwa ndikulimba ikazizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ibwezeretsedwenso ndikupangidwanso. Taganizirani mabotolo a PET kapenaulusi wa polyesterzovala.

Kupezeka kapena kusakhalapo kwa ma carbon double bond amenewa kumatanthauza chilichonse kuyambira njira zopangira mpaka zinthu zomaliza.

Kulowa Mu Unsaturated Polyester (UPE)

Ma polyester osakhutaNdi mahatchi ogwira ntchito mumakampani opanga zinthu zosakanikirana ndi thermosetting. Amapangidwa kudzera mu polycondensation reaction pakati pa ma diacid (kapena ma anhydride awo) ndi ma diol. Chofunika kwambiri ndichakuti gawo lina la ma diacid omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osakhuta, monga maleic anhydride kapena fumaric acid, zomwe zimayambitsa ma bond awiri a carbon-carbon mu unyolo wa polymer.

Makhalidwe Ofunika a UPE:

·Kuyika kutentha:Akangokonzedwa kudzera mu cross-linking, amakhala netiweki ya 3D yosasungunuka komanso yosasungunuka. Sangathe kusungunukanso kapena kusinthidwa mawonekedwe; kutentha kumayambitsa kuwola, osati kusungunuka.

·Njira Yochiritsira:Imafuna zigawo ziwiri zofunika:

1. Monomer Yogwira Ntchito: Styrene ndiyo yofala kwambiri. Monomer iyi imagwira ntchito ngati chosungunulira kuti ichepetse kukhuthala kwa utomoni ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, imalumikizana ndi ma bond awiri mu unyolo wa polyester panthawi yokonza.
2. Choyambitsa/Choyambitsa: Kawirikawiri ndi organic peroxide (monga MEKP - Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide). Chomerachi chimawola kuti chipange ma free radicals omwe amayambitsa cross-linking reaction.

·Kulimbikitsa:Ma resini a UPE sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri okha. Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ndi zinthu mongafiberglass, ulusi wa kaboni, kapena zodzaza mchere kuti apange zinthu zopangidwa ndi mphamvu zapadera poyerekeza ndi kulemera.

· Katundu:Mphamvu yabwino kwambiri ya makina, kukana mankhwala ndi nyengo (makamaka ndi zowonjezera), kukhazikika bwino kwa mawonekedwe, komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri pambuyo pochira. Zitha kupangidwira zosowa zinazake monga kusinthasintha, kuchedwa ndi moto, kapena kukana dzimbiri kwambiri.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kawirikawiri kwa UPE:

· Makampani Ogulitsa Zam'madzi:Maboti, ma deki, ndi zinthu zina.

·Mayendedwe:Ma panelo a magalimoto, ma taxi a magalimoto, ndi zida za RV.

·Ntchito yomanga:Mapanelo a nyumba, mapepala ophimba denga, ziwiya zaukhondo (mabafa, malo osambira), ndi matanki amadzi.

·Mapaipi ndi Matanki:Kwa mafakitale opangira mankhwala chifukwa cha kukana dzimbiri.

Katundu wa Ogula:

·Mwala Wopangira:Ma countertop a quartz opangidwa mwaluso.

Kulowa Mu Polyester Yokhuta Kwambiri

Ma polyester okhutaAmapangidwa kuchokera ku polycondensation reaction pakati pa saturated diacids (monga, terephthalic acid kapena adipic acid) ndi saturated diols (monga, ethylene glycol). Popanda ma bond awiri pamsana, maunyolo ndi olunjika ndipo sangalumikizane mwanjira yomweyo.

Makhalidwe Ofunika a Polyester Wokhuta:

·Thermoplastic:Amafewakamodzikutentha ndi kuuma zikazizira.Njirayi ndi yosinthika ndipo imalola kuti zinthu zikhale zosavuta monga kupanga ndi kutulutsa jakisoni, komanso zimathandiza kuti zinthu zibwezeretsedwe.

· Palibe chifukwa chokonzera kunja kwa thupi:Sizifuna chothandizira kapena monomer yogwira ntchito kuti ziume. Zimauma pongozizira kuchokera pamene zasungunuka.

· Mitundu:Gulu ili likuphatikizapo mapulasitiki angapo odziwika bwino aukadaulo:

PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate): Thekutsogolochofala kwambirimtundu, yogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ulusi ndi ma phukusi.

PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate): Pulasitiki yolimba komanso yolimba yopangidwa ndiukadaulo.

PC (Polycarbonate): Kawirikawiri imagawidwa m'magulu a polyester chifukwa cha makhalidwe ofanana, ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake ndi kosiyana pang'ono (ndi polyester ya carbonic acid).

· Katundu:Mphamvu yabwino ya makina, kulimba bwino komanso kukana kugwedezeka, kukana mankhwala, komanso kusinthasintha bwino.Amadziwanso bwino mphamvu zake zotetezera magetsi.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kawirikawiri kwa Polyester Wokhuta:

·Nsalu:Pulogalamu imodzi yayikulu kwambiri.Ulusi wa poliyesitalazovala, makapeti, ndi nsalu.

·Kupaka:PET ndi chinthu chopangira mabotolo a zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, zotengera za chakudya, ndi mafilimu opaka.

·Zamagetsi ndi Zamagetsi:Zolumikizira, maswichi, ndi ma housings chifukwa cha kutenthetsa bwino komanso kukana kutentha (monga PBT).

·Magalimoto:Zinthu monga zogwirira zitseko, mabampala, ndi malo oika magetsi a m'tsogolo.

Katundu wa Ogula:

Zipangizo Zachipatala:Mitundu ina ya ma phukusi ndi zigawo zake.

Tebulo Loyerekeza la Mutu ndi Mutu

Chifukwa Chake Kusiyanaku N'kofunika kwa Makampani ndi Ogula

Kusankha mtundu wolakwika wa polyester kungayambitse kulephera kwa chinthucho, kukwera mtengo, komanso mavuto achitetezo.

Kwa Katswiri Wopanga Mapulani:Ngati mukufuna gawo lalikulu, lolimba, lopepuka, komanso losatentha ngati bwato, muyenera kusankha chophatikiza cha UPE chotenthetsera kutentha. Kuthekera kwake kuyikidwa ndi manja mu nkhungu ndikuchiritsidwa kutentha kwa chipinda ndi mwayi waukulu pazinthu zazikulu. Ngati mukufuna mamiliyoni a zinthu zofanana, zolondola kwambiri, komanso zobwezerezedwanso monga zolumikizira zamagetsi, chophatikiza cha thermoplastic ngati PBT ndiye chisankho chomveka bwino chopangira jekeseni wambiri.

Kwa Woyang'anira Zosamalira Chisamaliro:Kubwezeretsanso kwama polyester okhuta(makamaka PET) ndi ubwino waukulu. Mabotolo a PET amatha kusonkhanitsidwa bwino ndikubwezeretsedwanso m'mabotolo atsopano kapena ulusi (rPET). UPE, monga thermoset, ndi yovuta kubwezeretsanso. Zinthu za UPE zomwe zimatayidwa nthawi zambiri zimathera m'malo otayira zinyalala kapena ziyenera kutenthedwa, ngakhale kuti njira zopukutira (zogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodzaza) ndi njira zobwezeretsanso mankhwala zikuyamba.

Kwa Wogula:Mukagula shati ya polyester, mumakhala mukuchita zinthu ndipoliyesitala wokhutaMukalowa mu shawa ya fiberglass, mukukhudza chinthu chopangidwa kuchokera kupoliyesitala wosakhutaKumvetsa kusiyana kumeneku kukufotokoza chifukwa chake botolo lanu la madzi lingathe kusungunuka ndikubwezeretsanso, pomwe kayak yanu singathe.

Tsogolo la Polyester: Kupanga Zinthu Zatsopano ndi Kukhazikika

Kusintha kwa zonse ziwiri zokhuta ndima polyester osakhutaikupitirira mofulumira kwambiri.

· Zakudya zochokera ku Bio:Kafukufuku akuyang'ana kwambiri pakupanga ma polyester a UPE ndi okhuta kuchokera ku zinthu zongowonjezedwanso monga ma glycol ndi ma acid ochokera ku zomera kuti achepetse kudalira mafuta opangidwa ndi zinthu zakale.

·Ukadaulo Wobwezeretsanso Zinthu:Kwa UPE, pakuchitika khama lalikulu popanga njira zobwezeretsanso mankhwala kuti zigawe ma polima olumikizidwa pamodzi kukhala ma monoma ogwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kwa ma polyester okhuta, kupita patsogolo kwa kubwezeretsanso kwa makina ndi mankhwala kukuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito komanso ubwino wa zinthu zobwezerezedwanso.

· Zosakaniza Zapamwamba:Mafomula a UPE akusinthidwa nthawi zonse kuti azitha kuletsa moto, kukana UV, komanso kukhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kuti akwaniritse miyezo yokhwima yamakampani.

·Thermoplastic Yogwira Ntchito Kwambiri:Mitundu yatsopano ya ma polyester okhuta ndi ma co-polyester akupangidwa omwe ali ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi kutentha, kumveka bwino, komanso zotchinga kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri popaka ndi kupanga zinthu zatsopano.

Mapeto: Mabanja Awiri, Dzina Limodzi

Ngakhale ali ndi dzina lofanana, ma polyester okhuta ndi osakhuta ndi mabanja osiyana omwe amatumikira maiko osiyanasiyana.Polyester yosakhuta (UPE)ndi ngwazi yoteteza kutentha ya zinthu zolimba kwambiri komanso zosagwira dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mafakitale kuyambira m'madzi mpaka zomangamanga azigwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapakhomo. Polyester yokhuta ndi mfumu yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma CD ndi nsalu, yomwe imayamikiridwa chifukwa cha kulimba kwake, kumveka bwino, komanso kubwezeretsanso zinthu.

Kusiyana kumeneku kumachokera ku chinthu chosavuta cha mankhwala—chomangira cha carbon double—koma zotsatira zake pakupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutha kwa moyo ndi zazikulu. Pomvetsetsa kusiyana kwakukulu kumeneku, opanga amatha kusankha zinthu mwanzeru, ndipo ogula amatha kumvetsetsa bwino dziko lovuta la ma polima omwe amapanga miyoyo yathu yamakono.

Lumikizanani nafe:

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