nkhani

Zida zophatikizika zonse zimaphatikizidwa ndi ulusi wolimbikitsira komanso pulasitiki. Udindo wa utomoni muzinthu zophatikizika ndizofunikira. Kusankhidwa kwa utomoni kumatsimikizira mndandanda wazomwe zimachitika, zinthu zina zamakina ndi magwiridwe antchito (zotentha, kuyaka, kukana zachilengedwe, etc.), katundu wa utomoni ndiwonso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakumvetsetsa zamakina azinthu zophatikizika. Utoto ukasankhidwa, zenera lomwe limatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa njira ndi katundu wa kompositiyo zimadziwikiratu. Thermosetting resin ndi utomoni womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ma resin matrix composites chifukwa chopanga bwino. Ma resin a thermoset amakhala pafupifupi amadzimadzi okha kapena olimba pang'onopang'ono kutentha kwa chipinda, ndipo mwamalingaliro amakhala ngati ma monomers omwe amapanga thermoplastic resin kuposa thermoplastic resin mu gawo lomaliza. Ma resins a thermosetting asanachiritsidwe, amatha kusinthidwa kukhala mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, koma atachiritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito machiritso, oyambitsa kapena kutentha, sangathe kupangidwanso chifukwa zomangira zamankhwala zimapangidwira pakuchiritsa, kupanga mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono amasinthidwa kukhala magawo atatu olumikizana. ma polima olimba okhala ndi mamolekyu apamwamba kwambiri.

Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma resins a thermosetting, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma phenolic resins,epoxy resins, utomoni wa bis-horse, vinyl utomoniphenolic resins, etc.

(1) Phenolic resin ndi utomoni woyambirira wa thermosetting wokhala ndi zomatira bwino, kukana kutentha kwabwino komanso zida za dielectric pambuyo pochiritsa, ndipo mawonekedwe ake odziwika bwino ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri oletsa moto, kutsika kwa kutentha, kutsika kwa utsi, komanso kuyaka. Mpweya wotuluka umakhala wochepa kwambiri. Kuthekera kwake ndikwabwino, ndipo zida zophatikizika zimatha kupangidwa ndi kuumba, kupindika, kuyika manja, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, ndi njira za pultrusion. Zambiri zazinthu zopangidwa ndi phenolic resin-based resin zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzokongoletsera zamkati zandege.

(2)Epoxy utomonindi matrix oyambirira a utomoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndege. Zimadziwika ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana. Othandizira osiyanasiyana ochiritsa ndi ma accelerator amatha kupeza kutentha kochiritsira kuyambira kutentha mpaka 180 ℃; ali ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba; Mtundu wofananira wa fiber; kukana kutentha ndi chinyezi; kulimba kwambiri; kupanga kwabwino kwambiri (kuphimba bwino, kukhuthala kwa utomoni wocheperako, fluidity yabwino, bandwidth yopanikizika, etc.); oyenera kuumba kophatikizana kwathunthu kwa zigawo zazikulu; mtengo. Njira yabwino yowumba komanso kulimba kodabwitsa kwa epoxy resin kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri mu utomoni wazinthu zapamwamba zophatikizika.

(3)Vinyl utomoniimadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zabwino kwambiri zolimbana ndi dzimbiri. Imatha kupirira ma acid ambiri, alkalis, njira zamchere komanso zosungunulira zamphamvu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mapepala, makampani opanga mankhwala, zamagetsi, mafuta, kusungirako ndi zoyendera, kuteteza zachilengedwe, zombo, Makampani Owunikira Magalimoto. Ili ndi mawonekedwe a unsaturated poliyesitala ndi utomoni wa epoxy, kotero kuti ili ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zamakina a epoxy resin komanso ntchito yabwino ya poliyesitala wosaturated. Kuphatikiza pa kukana kwamphamvu kwa dzimbiri, utomoni wamtunduwu umakhalanso ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kutentha. Zimaphatikizapo mtundu wokhazikika, kutentha kwakukulu, mtundu woletsa moto, mtundu wotsutsa ndi zina. Kuyika kwa vinyl resin mu fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) kumakhazikika pakuyika pamanja, makamaka pama anti-corrosion applications. Ndi chitukuko cha SMC, ntchito yake pankhaniyi ikuwonekeranso.

4 Zofunikira izi zikuphatikizapo: zigawo zazikulu ndi mbiri zovuta pa 130 ℃ Kupanga zigawo, etc. Poyerekeza ndi epoxy resin, Shuangma resin makamaka imadziwika ndi chinyezi chapamwamba ndi kukana kutentha ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito; kuipa ndi kuti manufacturability si bwino monga epoxy utomoni, ndi kutentha kutentha ndi mkulu (kuchiritsa pamwamba 185 ℃), ndipo amafuna kutentha 200 ℃. Kapena kwa nthawi yayitali pa kutentha pamwamba pa 200 ℃.
(5) Cyanide (qing diacoustic) ester resin imakhala ndi dielectric yotsika (2.8 ~ 3.2) ndi tangent yaying'ono kwambiri ya dielectric (0.002 ~ 0.008), kutentha kwa magalasi apamwamba (240 ~ 290 ℃), kuchepa pang'ono, kuyamwa kwa chinyezi pang'ono, mayamwidwe abwino kwambiri. makina katundu ndi katundu kugwirizana, etc., ndipo ali ofanana processing luso kuti epoxy utomoni.
Pakalipano, utomoni wa cyanate umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu zitatu: matabwa osindikizira a digito othamanga kwambiri komanso othamanga kwambiri, zipangizo zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito mafunde apamwamba komanso zipangizo zamakono zogwirira ntchito zamlengalenga.

Kunena mwachidule, epoxy resin, ntchito ya epoxy resin sikuti imangogwirizana ndi kaphatikizidwe, komanso makamaka zimadalira kapangidwe ka maselo. Gulu la glycidyl mu epoxy resin ndi gawo losinthika, lomwe lingachepetse kukhuthala kwa utomoni ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito, koma nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kukana kwa kutentha kwa utomoni wochiritsidwa. Njira zazikulu zopititsira patsogolo kutentha ndi makina a ma epoxy resins ochiritsidwa ndi kulemera kochepa kwa maselo ndi multifunctionalization kuti awonjezere kachulukidwe ka crosslink ndikuyambitsa zolimba. Zoonadi, kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo lolimba kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa kusungunuka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa ntchito ya epoxy resin. Momwe mungasinthire kukana kwa kutentha kwa epoxy resin system ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a utomoni ndi wochiritsa, magulu omwe amagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipamenenso kachulukidwe kakakulu kakudutsa. Mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa magawo a Tg. Kugwira ntchito mwachindunji: Gwiritsani ntchito multifunctional epoxy resin kapena machiritso, gwiritsani ntchito utomoni wapamwamba kwambiri wa epoxy. Njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndikuwonjezera gawo lina la o-methyl acetaldehyde epoxy resin mu njira yochiritsa, yomwe imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino komanso zotsika mtengo. Kukula kwa kulemera kwa ma molekyulu, kumachepetsa kulemera kwa maselo, ndikukwera kwa Tg. Opaleshoni Yachindunji: Gwiritsani ntchito multifunctional epoxy resin kapena machiritso kapena njira zina zokhala ndi ma molekyulu ofanana.

Monga matrix opangira utomoni wapamwamba kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matrix ophatikizika, mawonekedwe ake osiyanasiyana, monga processability, thermophysical properties ndi mechanical properties, ayenera kukwaniritsa zosowa za ntchito zothandiza. Kupanga kwa resin matrix kumaphatikizapo kusungunuka mu zosungunulira, kusungunuka kwa viscosity (fluidity) ndi kusintha kwa viscosity, ndi kusintha kwa nthawi ya gel ndi kutentha (zenera la ndondomeko). Kapangidwe ka utomoni wa utomoni ndi kusankha momwe kutentha kwachitikira kumatsimikizira momwe mankhwala amachitira kinetics (chiwerengero cha mankhwala), mankhwala a rheological properties (kutentha kwa mamasukidwe akayendedwe-kutentha ndi nthawi), ndi chemical reaction thermodynamics (exothermic). Njira zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za kukhuthala kwa utomoni. Nthawi zambiri, pakumangirira, kukhuthala kwa utomoni kumakhala pafupifupi 500cPs; kwa pultrusion ndondomeko, kukhuthala kwa utomoni ndi kuzungulira 800 ~ 1200cPs; pakutsegulira kwa vacuum, kukhuthala kwa utomoni nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 300cPs, ndipo njira ya RTM ikhoza kukhala yapamwamba, koma Nthawi zambiri, sipitilira 800cPs; pa prepreg ndondomeko, mamasukidwe akayendedwe amafunika kukhala mkulu, kawirikawiri mozungulira 30000 ~ 50000cPs. Zoonadi, zofunikira za viscosity izi zikugwirizana ndi katundu wa ndondomeko, zipangizo ndi zipangizo zokha, ndipo sizokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kumawonjezeka, kukhuthala kwa utomoni kumachepa m'malo otsika kutentha; Komabe, pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kuchiritsa kwa utomoni kumapitiriranso, kuyankhula mwachidwi, kutentha Kutentha kwake kumawonjezeka kawiri pa kuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 10 ℃, ndipo kuyerekezera kumeneku kumakhalabe kothandiza kuyerekezera pamene kukhuthala kwa utomoni wokhazikika kumawonjezeka kufika. zina zofunika kwambiri mamasukidwe akayendedwe mfundo. Mwachitsanzo, zimatengera mphindi 50 kuti utomoni dongosolo ndi mamasukidwe akayendedwe 200cPs pa 100 ℃ kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe ake 1000cPs, ndiye nthawi yofunikira kuti dongosolo utomoni womwewo kuonjezera kukhuthala kwake koyamba kuchokera zosakwana 200cPs kuti 1000cPs pa 110 ℃. pafupifupi mphindi 25. Kusankhidwa kwa magawo a ndondomeko kuyenera kuganizira mozama kukhuthala ndi nthawi ya gel osakaniza. Mwachitsanzo, pakutsegulira kwa vacuum, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti kukhuthala kwa ma viscosity pakutentha kogwira ntchito kuli mkati mwamakayendedwe amakanema omwe amafunidwa ndi ndondomekoyi, ndipo moyo wa mphika wa utomoni pa kutentha uku uyenera kukhala wautali mokwanira kuti utomoni uwoneke. akhoza kutumizidwa kunja. Kuti tichite mwachidule, kusankha kwa mtundu wa utomoni mu jekeseni kuyenera kuganizira za gel osakaniza, nthawi yodzaza ndi kutentha kwa zinthuzo. Njira zina zimakhala ndi zofanana.

Mu ndondomeko akamaumba, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a gawo (nkhungu), mtundu kulimbikitsa, ndi ndondomeko magawo kudziwa kutentha kutengerapo mlingo ndi misa kutengerapo ndondomeko. Utoto umachiritsa kutentha kwamphamvu, komwe kumapangidwa ndi kupanga ma bili. Zomangira zamagulu zomwe zimapangidwira pa voliyumu ya unit pa nthawi ya unit, mphamvu zambiri zimatulutsidwa. Ma coefficients otengera kutentha a resin ndi ma polima awo amakhala otsika kwambiri. Mlingo wa kuchotsa kutentha pa polymerization sikungafanane ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Kutentha kowonjezereka kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti zinthu zichitike mwachangu kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zitha kupangitsa kuti gawolo lilepheretse kupsinjika kapena kuwonongeka. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri popanga zigawo zazikuluzikulu zazikuluzikulu, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri kukhathamiritsa njira yochiritsa. Vuto la m'deralo "kutentha overshoot" chifukwa cha mkulu exothermic mlingo wa prepreg kuchiritsa, ndi kusiyana boma (monga kutentha kusiyana) pakati padziko lonse ndondomeko zenera ndi m'deralo ndondomeko zenera zonse chifukwa cha mmene kulamulira ndondomeko kuchiritsa. "Kutentha kofanana" mu gawo (makamaka mu makulidwe a gawo), kuti mukwaniritse "kufanana kwa kutentha" zimatengera makonzedwe (kapena magwiritsidwe) a "matekinoloje amtundu" mu "dongosolo lopanga". Kwa ziwalo zoonda, popeza kutentha kwakukulu kudzatayidwa mu chilengedwe, kutentha kumakwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina gawolo silidzachiritsidwa kwathunthu. Panthawiyi, kutentha kothandizira kumafunika kuyikidwa kuti mutsirize njira yolumikizirana, ndiko kuti, kutentha kosalekeza.

Ukadaulo wopangidwa ndi zinthu zosagwirizana ndi autoclave umagwirizana ndi ukadaulo wamakono wopanga autoclave. Kunena mwachidule, njira iliyonse yopangira zinthu zomwe sizigwiritsa ntchito zida za autoclave zitha kutchedwa ukadaulo wa non-autoclave. . Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wosapanga dzimbiri m'munda wazamlengalenga makamaka kumaphatikizapo mayendedwe awa: ukadaulo wa non-autoclave prepreg, ukadaulo wopangira madzi, ukadaulo wopangira makina opangira ma microwave, ukadaulo wochiritsa ma microwave, ukadaulo wochiritsa ma elekitironi, ukadaulo wopangira mphamvu yamadzimadzi. . Pakati pa matekinoloje awa, ukadaulo wa OoA (Outof Autoclave) prepreg uli pafupi kwambiri ndi njira yachikhalidwe yopangira autoclave, ndipo ili ndi mitundu ingapo yoyika pamanja ndi maziko oyika okha, kotero imawonedwa ngati nsalu yosalukidwa yomwe ingathe kuzindikirika. pamlingo waukulu. Autoclave kupanga luso. Chifukwa chofunikira chogwiritsira ntchito autoclave pazigawo zogwira ntchito kwambiri ndikupereka mphamvu yokwanira kwa prepreg, yokulirapo kuposa mphamvu ya nthunzi ya mpweya uliwonse panthawi yochiritsa, kuletsa mapangidwe a pores, ndipo izi ndi OoA prepreg Vuto lalikulu la teknoloji. ikufunika kubowola. Kaya porosity ya gawolo ikhoza kuwongoleredwa pansi pa kupanikizika kwa vacuum ndipo ntchito yake ikhoza kufika pa ntchito ya autoclave cured laminate ndi gawo lofunikira poyesa khalidwe la OoA prepreg ndi njira yake yopangira.

Kukula kwaukadaulo wa OoA prepreg kudayamba kuchokera pakupangidwa kwa utomoni. Pali mfundo zazikulu zitatu pakukula kwa resins kwa OoA prepregs: imodzi ndikuwongolera porosity ya magawo owumbidwa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma resin ochiritsira owonjezera kuti achepetse kugwedezeka pakuchiritsa; chachiwiri ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a utomoni wochiritsidwa Kuti akwaniritse utomoni wopangidwa ndi njira ya autoclave, kuphatikiza zinthu zotentha komanso makina; chachitatu ndi kuonetsetsa kuti prepreg ali ndi manufacturability wabwino, monga kuonetsetsa kuti utomoni akhoza kuyenda pansi pa kupanikizika kwa mlengalenga, kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi moyo wautali mamasukidwe akayendedwe ndi Kukwanira chipinda kutentha kunja kwa nthawi, etc. Opanga zinthu zopangira amayendetsa kafukufuku wakuthupi ndi chitukuko molingana ndi zofunikira za kapangidwe kake ndi njira zopangira. Mfundo zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kuphatikizapo: kukonza makina, kuonjezera nthawi yakunja, kuchepetsa kutentha kwa machiritso, komanso kusintha chinyezi ndi kutentha. Zina mwazochita bwino zimasemphana. , monga kulimba kwambiri ndi kuchiritsa kwa kutentha kochepa. Muyenera kupeza mfundo yoyenera ndikuyiganizira mozama!

Kuphatikiza pa chitukuko cha utomoni, njira yopangira prepreg imalimbikitsanso chitukuko cha OoA prepreg. Kafukufukuyu adapeza kufunikira kwa njira zochotsera vacuum zopangira ziro-porosity laminates. Kafukufuku wotsatira wasonyeza kuti theka-impregnated prepregs akhoza bwino kusintha mpweya permeability. OoA prepregs ndi theka-impregnated ndi utomoni, ndipo ulusi youma ntchito ngati ngalande kwa mpweya mpweya. Mipweya ndi zowonongeka zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kuchiritsa kwa gawolo zingakhale Zopopera kudzera muzitsulo kotero kuti porosity ya gawo lomaliza ndi <1%.
Njira yopangira vacuum ndi ya non-autoclave forming (OoA). Mwachidule, ndi njira yopangira yomwe imasindikiza chinthucho pakati pa nkhungu ndi thumba la vacuum, ndikukakamiza mankhwalawo popukuta kuti chinthucho chikhale chophatikizika komanso makina abwino. Njira yayikulu yopangira ndi

Choyamba, kumasula kapena kumasula nsalu kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nkhungu yokhazikika (kapena pepala lagalasi). The prepreg amawunikidwa molingana ndi muyezo wa prepreg ntchito, makamaka kuphatikizapo pamwamba kachulukidwe, utomoni zili, kusakhazikika nkhani ndi zina zambiri za prepreg. Dulani prepreg kukula. Podula, tcherani khutu ku kayendetsedwe ka ulusi. Kawirikawiri, kupatuka kwa ulusi kumafunika kukhala osachepera 1 °. Nambala pagawo lililonse lomwe simunatchulepo ndipo lembani nambala ya prepreg. Poyika zigawo, zigawozo ziyenera kuikidwa motsatira ndondomeko yoyikapo yofunikira pa pepala lolembera, ndipo filimu ya PE kapena pepala lotulutsa liyenera kulumikizidwa motsatira njira ya ulusi, ndipo mavuvu a mpweya ayenera. kuthamangitsidwa motsatira ulusi. The scraper amafalitsa prepreg ndi scraper izo monga momwe angathere kuchotsa mpweya pakati pa zigawo. Mukagona, nthawi zina pamafunika kuphatikizira ma prepregs, omwe amayenera kuphatikiziridwa motsatira ulusi. Pakuphatikizana, kuphatikizika ndi kuphatikizika kocheperako kuyenera kukwaniritsidwa, ndipo ma splicing seams a gawo lililonse ayenera kugwedezeka. Nthawi zambiri, kusiyana kwa unidirectional prepreg ndi motere. 1 mm; prepreg yolukidwa imaloledwa kungolumikizana, osati kuphatikizika, ndipo m'lifupi mwake ndi 10 ~ 15mm. Kenako, tcherani khutu ku vacuum pre-compaction, ndipo makulidwe a kupopera chisanadze amasiyana malinga ndi zofunika zosiyanasiyana. Cholinga ndi kutulutsa mpweya wotsekeredwa mu layup ndi volatiles mu prepreg kuonetsetsa mkati khalidwe la chigawo. Ndiye pali kuyala kwa zida zothandizira ndi vacuum bagging. Kusindikiza ndi kuchiritsa thumba: Chofunikira chomaliza ndikulephera kutulutsa mpweya. Chidziwitso: Malo omwe nthawi zambiri amatuluka mpweya ndi malo osindikizira.

Timapangansofiberglass Direct roving,magalasi a fiberglass, fiberglass mauna, ndimagalasi opangidwa ndi fiberglass.

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